Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to test, in vitro, the anti-cariogenic effect of experimental hybrid coatings, with nano clays of halloysite or bentonite, loaded with sodium fluoride or with a combination of sodium fluoride and stannous chloride, respectively. Methodology The varnish Fluor Protector (1,000 ppm of F-) was used as positive control and no treatment was the negative control. Enamel specimens (5 mm × 5 mm) were obtained from bovine teeth. The specimens (n=10) had their surfaces divided into two halves (5 mm × 2.5 mm each), in which one half received one of the treatments (Hybrid; Hybrid + NaF; Hybrid + NaF + SnCl2; Hybrid + NaF Loaded; Hybrid + NaF + SnCl2 Loaded). The specimens were submitted to a cariogenic challenge using a biofilm model (S. mutans UA159, for 5 days). Enamel surfaces both under and adjacent to the treated area were analyzed for mineral loss and lesion depth, by transverse microradiography. The pH of the medium was measured twice a day, and the fluoride release was analyzed. Additional specimens were submitted to confocal analysis. Results Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (α=0.05). None of hybrid groups were able to reduce the lesion depth; the Hybrid + NaF group, however, was able to reduce mineral loss differing from the negative control (p=0.008). The groups showed no significant difference in the pH measurement and fluoride release. Confocal analysis confirmed that for all groups the biofilm growth was similar. Conclusion None of the hybrid groups reduced lesion depth, but the Hybrid + NaF group was able to promote protection against mineral loss.

The composition and biological activities of propolis, a resinous hive product collected by honeybees from various plant sources, depends on various factors such as season and vegetation of the area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the seasonal effect on the ethanolic extracts of Brazilian propolis (EEP) type 6 and type 12, collected during 6 months in terms of antibacterial activity and phenolic composition. The antimicrobial properties were evaluated by MIC and MBC on S. mutans Ingbritt 1600 and the profile of chemical composition by UV-visible spectrophotometry, HPLC-RF and GC-MS. The results demonstrated that the season in which propolis is collected influences its chemical composition, resulting in modifications in its antibacterial activity.

O presente trabalho foi realizado na microbacia do Riacho Paus Brancos, Campina Grande, PB, no semi-árido paraibano, e consistiu na realização do diagnóstico da deterioração físico-conservacionista. A microbacia, com uma área de 2.309,7 ha, foi dividida em 11 minibacias. A metodologia consistiu em determinar o coeficiente de rugosidade (RN) a partir das características físicas das minibacias e para a distribuição das classes de aptidão de uso da terra foi usado o coeficiente de rugosidade. Na microbacia estudada a deterioração físico-conservacionista é alta (34,91%) contribuindo, para este valor, a pequena cobertura vegetal, 232,15 ha (10,05%). Existem apenas 172,37 ha (7,48%) em conflitos; no entanto, para a microbacia atingir seu equilíbrio ambiental, necessita ser trabalhada em 1.286,14 ha (55,68%) através de medidas prognosticadas por diagnósticos auxiliares. Nenhuma minibacia da Classe A apresentou excesso em área agrícola. A área deteriorada na microbacia é de 507,35 ha (21,97%).

The objective of the present study consisted in the diagnosis of the physical conservationist deterioration of the microbasin of the Paus Brancos Stream, Campina Grande, PB, in the semi-arid region of Paraiba state. The microbasin was divided in 11 minibasin. The methodology consisted in determination of the rugosity coefficient (Ruggdeness Number - RN), using the physical characteristics of the minibasins and the distribution of land use classes using the rugosity coefficient. In the studied area the physical conservationist deterioration is high (34.91%), contributing to this the small vegetable covering 232.15 ha (10.05%). There is availability of many areas for the agriculture but their utilization depends on auxiliary diagnosis. Although there are only 172.37 ha (7.48%) in conflicts, for the perfect environmental equilibrium of the microbasin, 1,286.14 ha (55.68%) need to be worked out. No class A minibasin presented excess of agricultural area. The deteriorated area in the studied microbasin is 507.35 ha (21.97%).